Patient-specific augmented glenoid systems and methods

ABSTRACT

A glenoid implant comprises a body comprising: an articular surface and a scapula-engaging surface, the scapula-engaging surface including first and second portions angled relative to each other; and a fixation feature extending from the scapula-engaging surface. A method comprises: forming a planar bone surface at a glenoid using a guide pin; forming a first bore into the glenoid located near the guide pin; forming a second bore into the glenoid offset from the first bore; inserting an augment ream guide into the first and second bores; and forming an angled bone surface at the glenoid relative to the planar bone surface using the augment ream guide. A ream guide comprises: a base having first and second surfaces; a bone peg extending from the first surface; an alignment peg spaced from the bone peg; and a guide peg extending from the second surface at an oblique angle to the bone peg.

CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This patent application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/136,552, filed on Apr. 22, 2016, which claims the benefit ofpriority of Kovacs et al., U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.62/152,304, entitled PATIENT SPECIFIC AUGMENTED GLENOID PREP,” filed onApr. 24, 2015, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference hereinin its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This document pertains generally, but not by way of limitation, tosystems and methods for preparing a bone for an orthopedic implant. Moreparticularly, this disclosure relates to, but not by way of limitation,preparing a bone surface to receive an orthopedic implant having anasymmetric bone-engaging surface.

BACKGROUND

In cases of severe glenoid wear, it can be difficult to return the jointto near neutral version using a standard implant. In these instances,the surgeon has to compromise by putting in the component at a non-idealversion angel, removing significant amount of native bone to gaincomplete backside coverage of the glenoid base, or bone grafting tosupport the backside of the glenoid implant.

Recently, glenoid implants with augments have been developed as optionsfor these cases with severe glenoid wear. For anatomic shoulderarthroplasty, augmented glenoid implants can include various stepped orcontoured bone-contacting surfaces. However, many of these designs stillrequire removal of a significant amount of bone.

Examples of glenoid implants are described in U. S. Pub. No.2015/0150688 to Vanasse et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,699,289 to Iannotti etal., U.S. Pat. No. 9,233,003 to Roche et al., and U.S. Pat. No.7,753,959 to Berelsman et al.

Overview

The present inventors have recognized, among other things, that aproblem to be solved can include the need to reduce the amount of boneremoved when implanting glenoid implants. Furthermore, the presentinventors have recognized that another problem to be solved can includethe need to simplify bone preparation techniques when installing glenoidimplants.

The present subject matter can help provide a solution to this problem,such as by providing augmented implants with angled, sloped andpartially sloped bone-contacting surfaces, and instruments and methodsfor implanting such augmented implants, in patient-specific andnon-patient specific embodiments.

A glenoid implant can comprise a body comprising: an articular surfaceconfigured to mate with or receive another component configured to matewith a complimentary component; and a scapula-engaging surface oppositethe articular surface, the scapula engaging surface including first andsecond portions angled relative to each other; and a fixation featureextending from the scapula-engaging surface.

A method for implanting a scapular baseplate in a shoulder arthroplastycan comprise: inserting a guide pin into a glenoid of the scapula usinga guide instrument; preparing a first portion of the glenoid to form aplanar bone surface using the guide pin; forming a first bore into theglenoid located approximately at the guide pin; forming a second boreinto the glenoid offset from the first bore; inserting an augment reamguide into the first bore and the second bore; and preparing a secondportion of the glenoid to form an angled bone surface relative to theplanar bone surface using the augment ream guide.

A ream guide for a shoulder arthroplasty procedure can comprise: a basehaving a first surface and a second surface; a bone peg extendingperpendicularly from the first surface; an alignment peg extending fromthe first surface spaced from the bone peg; and a guide peg extendingfrom the second surface opposite the bone peg at an oblique angle to thebone peg.

This overview is intended to provide an overview of subject matter ofthe present patent application. It is not intended to provide anexclusive or exhaustive explanation of the invention. The detaileddescription is included to provide further information about the presentpatent application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art anatomic shoulderreplacement system comprising a glenoid implant for implanting in ascapula and a humeral head for implanting in a humerus.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a prior art reverse shoulderreplacement system comprising a glenosphere baseplate for implanting ina scapula and a humeral tray and humeral implant for implanting in ahumerus.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of an augmented baseplate for a reverseshoulder implant having an angled bone surface with bores for receivingfixation fasteners and a glenoshpere.

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the augmented baseplate of FIG. 3Aimplanted on a scapula.

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a standard glenoid guide instrumentbeing used to insert a guide pin into a glenoid of a scapula.

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of a patient-specific glenoid guideinstrument being used to insert a guide pin into a glenoid of a scapula.

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of a face reamer being advanced along theguide pin of FIG. 4A or 4B to partially ream the scapula.

FIG. 5B is a close up view of the partially reamed scapula of FIG. 5Awith a guide pin inserted therein.

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of an augment sizer being advanced alongthe guide pin of FIG. 4A or 4B to measure the size of the partiallyreamed scapula.

FIG. 6B is a side cross-sectional view of the augment sizer of FIG. 6Acorrectly seated with a properly reamed glenoid.

FIG. 7A is a perspective view of an alignment peg drill guide beingadvanced along the guide pin of FIG. 4A or 4B in order to drill analignment hole in the partially reamed scapula.

FIG. 7B is a close up view of the partially reamed scapula of FIG. 5Aincluding an alignment hole produced using the drill guide of FIG. 7A.

FIG. 8A is an exploded view of an augment ream guide, a fixationfastener and a driver instrument.

FIG. 8B is a perspective view of the augment ream guide seated on thepartially reamed scapula with the driver instrument inserted into theaugment ream guide.

FIG. 8C is a side view of the augment ream guide of FIGS. 8A and 8B.

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of an augment reamer being advanced alongthe augment ream guide of FIGS. 8A-8C to further ream the partiallyreamed scapula.

FIG. 9B is a close up view of the completely reamed scapula of FIG. 9A.

FIG. 10A is an exploded view of an alignment post of an augmentedbaseplate impactor being aligned with an augmented baseplate and thealignment hole of the scapula.

FIG. 10B is a perspective view of an impact face of the augmentedbaseplate impactor showing the alignment post, a center post and aperipheral post.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an augmented baseplate for an anatomicshoulder implant having an angled bone surface with fixation posts.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a patient-specific glenoid guide engaginga glenoid of a scapula to install a guide pin substantially parallel toan anatomic axis.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a depth stop being installed around theguide pin of FIG. 12.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a reamer being installed around the guidepin and depth stop of FIG. 13.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a boss and post reamer being installedaround the guide pin of FIG. 13.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a peripheral post reamer guide beinginstalled around the guide pin of FIG. 13.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a patient-specific angled ream guidebeing installed with a compression screw that follows the path of theguide pin of FIG. 13.

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a reamer being installed around theangled ream guide of FIG. 17.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an augmented baseplate for a reverseshoulder implant having a slanted or sloped bone surface with fixationposts.

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a patient-specific glenoid guide engaginga glenoid of a scapula to install a guide pin at an angle.

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a depth stop surrounding the guide pin ofFIG. 20.

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of a reamer being advanced onto the guidepin of FIG. 20 to surround the depth stop and at least partially reamthe glenoid.

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a patient-specific drill guide mated tothe partially reamed glenoid of FIG. 22 to form a central post bore inconjunction with a reamer.

FIG. 24 is a schematic view of a patient-specific peripheral post reamerguide being advanced into the reamed central post bore of FIG. 23 toform peripheral bores in conjunction with a reamer.

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of the augmented baseplate of FIG. 19mounted onto the partially reamed glenoid so that slanted bone face andfixation posts mate with the prepared glenoid.

In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, like numeralsmay describe similar components in different views. Like numerals havingdifferent letter suffixes may represent different instances of similarcomponents. The drawings illustrate generally, by way of example, butnot by way of limitation, various embodiments discussed in the presentdocument.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of prior art anatomic shoulder implant10 comprising implanted glenoid implant 12 and implanted humeral implant14. Glenoid implant 12 can include glenoid 16 and humeral implant 14 caninclude humeral head 18. Glenoid implant 12 can be secured to glenoid Gof scapula S using center post 20 and peripheral post 22. Humeralimplant 14 can be secured to humerus H using any suitable means, such ascenter post 24 and fasteners 26A and 26B. Glenoid G of scapula S cantypically be reamed to provide a single surface to engage bone surface28 of glenoid implant 12. As can be seen, glenoid implant 12 can betypically of substantially uniform thickness and bone surface 28typically can comprise a single smooth surface, other than the portionsassociated with center post 20 and peripheral post 22. These geometricfeatures of glenoid implant 12 can sometimes unavoidably result in someamount of healthy bone being removed.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of prior art reverse shoulder implant30 comprising implanted humeral tray 32 and implanted glenospherebaseplate 34. Humeral tray 32 can include polyethylene (PE) liner 36 andglenosphere baseplate 34 can include glenosphere 38. Humeral tray 32 canbe secured to humerus H using any suitable means, such as center post 40and stem 42. Glenosphere baseplate 34 can be secured to glenoid G ofscapula S using center post 44 and fasteners 46A-46C. Baseplate 34 canbe secured by other means, such as through the use of four peripheralscrews and a center post. Glenoid G of scapula S can typically be reamedto provide a single surface to engage bone surface 48 of glenospherebaseplate 34. As can be seen, glenosphere baseplate 34 can be typicallyof substantially uniform thickness and bone surface 48 typically cancomprise a single smooth surface, other than the portions associatedwith center post 44 and fasteners 46A-46C. These geometric features ofglenosphere baseplate 34 can sometimes unavoidably result in some amountof healthy bone being removed.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view of reverse shoulder implant 50 includingaugmented baseplate 52 having angled bone surface 54. Baseplate 52 canalso include stem 56, mate face 57 and bores 58A-58E (56D shown in FIG.10A) for receiving fixation fasteners 60A-60E. Angled bone surface 54can include parallel surface 54A and oblique surface 54B. Implant 50 canalso include glenosphere 62, which can include stem 64. Parallel surface54A can be parallel to mate face 57, as well as distal surface 66 ofstem 64. In various embodiments, baseplate 52 can be made of a porousmaterial, such as a highly porous metal, Trabecular Metal®, or tantalum.

FIG. 3B is a perspective view of the augmented baseplate 52 of FIG. 3Aimplanted on scapula S. Glenoid G of scapula S can be prepared to matewith parallel surface 54A and oblique surface 54B, such as by reaming ofglenoid G to form obliquely oriented planar bone surfaces. Obliquesurface 54B can be located in any orientation of glenoid G. For example,oblique surface 54B can be located at superior, inferior, posterior oranterior portions on glenoid G, or at any intermediate orientation. Themethods, instruments and tools described herein, particularly withreference to FIGS. 4A-10B, facilitate implantation of augmentedbaseplate 52 onto scapula S in such a manner so as to minimize boneremoval and subsequently align augmented baseplate so that surfaces 54Aand 54B mate flush with prepared surfaces of glenoid G.

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of standard (i.e. non-patient-specific)glenoid guide instrument 100 being used to insert guide pin 102 intoglenoid G of scapula S. Instrument 100 can include pin placement guide104 and glenoid guide handle 106.

The appropriate pin placement guide 104 can be selected based on thedegree of glenoid erosion. For example, oblique surface 54B of augmentedbaseplate 52 (FIG. 3A) can be angled relative to parallel surface 54A atan angle of 10°, 20° or 30°. Thus, pin placement guide 104 can be madeto substantially align guide pin 102 with to the central axis of thevault of glenoid G for 10°, 20°, or 30° baseplates. However a 10 degreeinferior tilt can be built into placement guide 104. The appropriate pinplacement guide 104 is selected to align guide pin 102, which can be aSteinman pin, in the desired version and inclination. Glenoid guidehandle 106 can be attached to the appropriate augment pin placementguide 104 (10°, 20°, or 30°). In one example, a 3.2 mm Steinmann pin isused as guide pin 102 and is inserted into glenoid G at the desiredangle and position, ensuring pin 102 engages or perforates the medialcortical wall. A completely secure guide pin is desired to ensure thesubsequent used reamer has a stable cannula over which to ream.

When guide pin 102 is placed correctly within guide 104, guide pin 102can lie flush with inferior groove 107. Pin placement guide 104 can becentered over the inferior portion of glenoid G. However, in glenoiddeformity cases and situations with poor bone quality, guide pin 102 canbe placed into the best possible bone stock.

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of patient-specific glenoid guideinstrument 108 being used to insert guide pin 102 into glenoid G ofscapula S. Patient-specific glenoid guide instrument 108 can includebase 110, anatomic guide sleeve 112 and reverse guide sleeve 114. Base110 can include patient-specific bone surface 116. At least a portion ofthe scapula-engaging bone surface 116 is configured to mirror andconform to a surface of scapula S of a specific patient based on athree-dimensional (3D) model of scapula S. In one embodiment,patient-specific glenoid guide instrument 108 can comprise a Signatureguide tool commercially available from Zimmer Biomet. One or moreexamples of a Signature guide tool are described in U.S. Pub. No.2013/0110116 to Kehres et al., which is hereby incorporated by thisreference in its entirety for all purposes.

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of face reamer 118 being advanced alongguide pin 102 of FIG. 4A or 4B to partially ream glenoid G of scapula S.Face reamer 118 includes cannulated shaft 120 and reamer head 122.

First, the non-deficient half or portion of the native surfaces ofglenoid G can be prepared, before the deficient, or damaged half ofportion of the surfaces of glenoid G are prepared. Cannulated shaft 120of face reamer 118 can be positioned over guide pion 102 and rotated toremove bone from glenoid G. In one example, bone can be reamed on atleast 50 percent of the face of glenoid G. Due to the 10 degree inferiortilt of guide pin 102, inferior ridge R may be evident with bone alsoprepared opposite of the glenoid erosion.

FIG. 5B is a close up view of partially reamed scapula S of FIG. 5A withguide pin 102 inserted therein. After face reamer 118 is removed, guidepin 102 remains seated within glenoid G. Face reamer 118 can producecentral bore 124 and first reamed surface 126. Central bore 124 can becentered around guide pin 102 and first reamed surface 126 can includeedge E that extends across central bore 124 at the level of guide pin102.

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of augment sizer 128 being advanced alongguide pin 102 of FIG. 4A or 4B to measure the size of partially reamedscapula S. FIG. 6B is a side cross-sectional view of augment sizer 128of FIG. 6A correctly seated with properly reamed glenoid G. Augmentsizer 128 can include shaft 130, finger 132 and base 134, and can comein different sizes (10°, 20° and/or 30°) for the different sizedbaseplates 52.

It is desirable that glenoid G be reamed to at least fifty percent toensure glenoid G is prepared to fully support parallel face 54A ofaugment baseplate 52. Reaming beyond fifty percent can remove additionalbone which is not necessary for augment preparation. As discussed below,in one example, using augment sizer 128 before reaming, a line can bedrawn at the fifty percent line on the face of glenoid G (which cancoincide with edge E), such as with a blue marker or bovie, and reamingis performed until the line disappears to ensure glenoid G is reamed tothe desired precision level.

Augment sizer 128 can be used to measure and ensure at least fiftypercent of the face of glenoid G has been reamed. After fifty percent ofthe face of glenoid G is reamed, a central channel of shaft 130 can beslid onto guide pin 102 until finger 132 engages the partially reamedscapula S.

After the glenoid face has been reamed at least 50 percent, thedifferent sized augment sizers 128 (10°, 20° and/or 30°) can be used todetermine which size augment baseplate 52. First the 10° augment sizercan be placed on the fifty percent reamed glenoid G. First, it can beevaluate whether or not the 10° finger 132 touches the non-reamed(defect) portion of the face of glenoid G or sits proud. If the 10°augment sizer finger 132 sits proud, off the face of the defect, thenglenoid G can be re-evaluated with the 20° augment sizer. If the 10°augment sizer finger 132 touches the defect yet sits proud, off the faceof the fifty percent reamed surface, this is the size of augmentedbaseplate 52 that can or should be chosen. This algorithm can becontinued until the optimal augment is found. There may be circumstanceswhere the defect is in between sizes, and the surgeon can make ajudgment call as to either go to a taller augment, reaming the defectside, or to go to a shorter augment, reaming the high side of glenoid G.Once fifty percent of the face of glenoid G is reamed, face reamer 118can be removed from guide pin 102.

As mentioned, augment sizer 128 can also be used to determine which size(10°, 20° or 30°) augmented baseplate 52 should be used before scapulais reamed. Augment sizer 128 can come in three sizes (10°, 20° or 30°)to correspond the differently sized augmented baseplates 52. Augmentsizer 128 can be positioned over guide pin 102 to engage the face ofglenoid G. Augment sizer 128 can be dialed (e.g. rotated on guide pin102) to position finger 132 in the appropriated direction to allow themaximum defect to be removed and augmented baseplate 52 will lie in thedesired orientation. The correctly sized augment sizer will have bothfinger 132 and base 134 engage glenoid G. As mentioned, a bovie orsurgical marker can be used to mark the fifty percent line on the faceof glenoid G, as this will be used in the subsequent step to determinesufficient ream depth, just described.

FIG. 7A is a perspective view of alignment peg drill guide 136 beingadvanced along guide pin 102 of FIG. 4A or 4B in order to drill analignment hole in the partially reamed scapula using drill bit 138.Alignment peg drill guide 136 can comprise handle shaft 140, baseplate142, half-circle etch 144, windows 146 and guide hole 148. FIG. 7B is aclose up view of the partially reamed scapula S of FIG. 5A includingalignment hole 150 produced using drill guide 136 of FIG. 7A.

Base plate 142 can be positioned on glenoid G with the half-circle etch144 in the exact location where the augment is desired. In one example,at least a portion of the scapula-engaging surface of base plate 142 canbe configured to mirror and conform to a surface of scapula S of aspecific patient based on a three-dimensional (3D) model of scapula S.Windows 146 can be referenced and centered on edge E of the fiftypercent reamed glenoid. Once properly oriented, drill bit 138 can beinserted into guide hole 148 in baseplate 142 and glenoid G can bedrilled to form a hole for receiving an alignment finger of an inserter(discussed below). In one example, guide hole 148 and drill bit 138 canbe sized to produce a 2.7 mm hole. Drill bit 138 can be advanced untilthe drill depth is achieved by a shoulder on drill bit 138 bottoming outon baseplate 142. In other embodiments, an etch can be provided on drillbet 138 to indicate the desired drill depth. Drilling of a 2.7 mmalignment hole can help facilitate orientation of augmented baseplate 52during insertion. Drill guide 136 can then be removed from guide pin 102and guide pin 102 can be removed from glenoid G.

FIG. 8A is an exploded view of augment ream guide 152, fixation fastener154 and driver instrument 156. FIG. 8B is a perspective view of augmentream guide 152 seated on partially reamed scapula S with driverinstrument 156 inserted into augment ream guide 152. FIG. 8C is a sideview of augment ream guide 152, which can include bone peg 158, guidepeg 160, base 162 and alignment post 164. Glenoid G can includealignment hole 150 produced by drill bit 138 in the previous step.

Bone peg 158 can extend substantially perpendicularly from the bottomsurface of base 162, while guide peg 160 can extend at an oblique angleto bone peg 160. Substantially perpendicular can include the centralaxis of bone peg 160 being disposed ninety degrees to the bottom surfaceof base 162, as well as the central axis being within five degrees ofperpendicular. Substantial perpendicularity of bone peg 160 canfacilitate easy insertion of augment ream guide 152 into central bore124.

Guide pin 102 can be removed. The appropriately sized (10°, 20° or 30°)augment ream guide 152 can be placed on the prepared glenoid G takingcare to align alignment hole 150 with alignment post 164 on ream guide152. Next, bone peg 160 can be inserted into central bore 124 in glenoidG, and fixation fastener 154 can be inserted into guide peg 160 until itis fully seated within augment ream guide 152. Fixation fastener 154 canbe inserted using a hex driver under hand power. Etch line 166 on driveinstrument 156 can align with etch line 168 on ream guide 152 whencompletely seated. Fixation fastener 154 can be engineered with the samepitch as fixation fastener 60E (FIG. 3A) to help ensure every thread offixation fastener 60E will engage undisturbed bone. Fixation fastener154 can provide fixation of ream guide 152 during reaming for augmentedbaseplate 52.

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of augment reamer 170 being advanced alongaugment ream guide 152 (shown in phantom) of FIGS. 8A-8C to further reamthe partially reamed scapula S. FIG. 9B is a close up view of completelyreamed scapula S of FIG. 9A including central bore 124, first reamedsurface 126, alignment hole 150 and second reamed surface 172.

The appropriately sized (10°, 20° or 30°) augment reamer 170 can beplaced over guide peg 160 of augment ream guide 152. Reamer 170 caninclude notch 173 that extends into shaft 176 head 174. In particular, aportion of the circumference of shaft 176 can be cut away at the end ofshaft 176 that engages head 174, and head 174 can include a similarlylocated notch that extends into the circumference of head 174 at thesame circumferential location as the cut away portion of shaft 176. Thenotch in head 174 can extend to the center of head 174 so that head 174has a U shape. Configured as such, reamer 170 can be slipped over guidepeg 160 without the axes of shaft 176 and guide peg 160 being coaxial.Thus, reamer 170 can be advanced normal to the face of glenoid G. Thus,reamer 170 can enter more directly into an incision in the patient andavoid surrounding tissues.

Reamer 170 can be fully captured on ream guide peg 160 before beginningto ream, such as by contacting reamer head 174 against glenoid G. Reamershaft 176 can be rotated to remove bone. If necessary, glenoidosteophytes can be removed to allow proper seating of reamer 170.Reaming can continue to advance reamer head 174 until a shoulder withinreamer shaft 176 bottoms out on ream guide peg 160 and the appropriateamount of bone has been prepared to accept the selected size ofaugmented baseplate 52. Ream guide 152 can be designed to allow minimalreaming of the bone necessary to seat augmented baseplate 52. Next,fixation fastener 154 (FIG. 8A) can be removed and augment ream guide152 can also be removed. Glenoid G can subsequently can include secondreamed surface 172 opposite first reamed surface 126. First and secondreamed surfaces 126 and 172 can adjoin at edge E. Thus, in one example,glenoid G can now accept augmented baseplate 52. In particular, parallelsurface 54A can abut first reamed surface 126 and oblique surface 54Bcan abut second reamed surface 172.

FIG. 10A is an exploded view of augmented baseplate impactor 190 andaugmented baseplate 52. Augmented baseplate impactor 190 can includealignment post 192, which can be used to align augmented baseplate 52with alignment hole 150. FIG. 10B is a perspective view of impact face194 of augmented baseplate impactor 190 showing alignment post 192,center post 194 and peripheral post 196.

Augmented baseplate 52 can be placed onto impact face 194 of baseplateimpactor 190. For example, central post 194 can be inserted into bore58E in baseplate 52, while peripheral post 196 is inserted into bore58A. Alignment post 192 can extend through bore 58C to be inserted intoalignment hole 150. Additionally, proper orientation of impactor 190 candetermined by aligning the augment of baseplate 52 (e.g. oblique surface54B) with a corresponding “augment” label on inserter 190. Whenalignment post 192 is in the correct orientation, half-circle etch 198on inserter 190 can align with second reamed surface 172.

Once aligned, augmented baseplate 52 can be impacted into glenoid G andremove augmented baseplate impactor 190. Parallel and oblique surfaces54A, 54B of augmented baseplate 52 can or should be fully seated onfirst and second reamed surfaces 126, 172, respectively on the face ofglenoid G. Fasteners 60A-60E can be used to secure baseplate 52 toscapula S, and glenosphere 62 can be attached to baseplate 52 via stem64.

Visual confirmation can be attained by checking for gaps between thereamed surface of glenoid G and baseplate 52 at bores 58A-58D. A smallnerve hook can be used to aid in confirming complete seating ofbaseplate 52. Due to the 10 degree inferior to superior orientation forthe baseplate preparation, baseplate 52 may be partially or fullycounter-sunk inferiorly. Guide pin 102 can be reinserted beforeimpacting baseplate 52 if cannulated insertion is desired.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of augmented baseplate 200 for an anatomicshoulder implant having angled bone surface 202 with fixation posts204A-204C. Baseplate 200 can also include articular surface 206, whichcan be configured to directly engage a humeral head. Angled bone surface202 can include crenellations or corrugations 208 that can be used toengage bone and promote bone growth. Angled bone surface 202 can includeparallel surface 210A, which can be parallel to glenoid surface 206, andoblique surface 210B, which can be angled at an oblique angle relativeto parallel surface 210A.

Glenoid G of scapula S can be prepared to mate with parallel surface210A and oblique surface 210B, such as by reaming of glenoid G to formobliquely oriented planar bone surfaces. Oblique surface 210B can belocated in different orientations on glenoid G, depending on theparticular implant and particular patient. The methods, instruments andtools described herein, particularly with reference to FIGS. 12-18,facilitate implantation of augmented baseplate 200 onto scapula S insuch a manner so as to minimize bone removal and subsequently alignaugmented baseplate so that surfaces 210A and 210B mate flush withprepared surfaces of glenoid G.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of patient-specific glenoid guide 212engaging glenoid G of a scapula to install guide pin 214 substantiallyparallel to the central axis of the vault of glenoid G. In the depictedexample, glenoid G is classified as a Walch B2 glenoid, e.g., aretroverted glenoid with posterior rim erosion, or a bi-concave wearpattern with an alpha angle. Patient-specific glenoid guide 212 can beplaced onto the face of glenoid G. Guide pin 214 can be inserted throughglenoid guide 212 into the glenoid vault of glenoid G.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of depth stop 216 installed around guide pin214 of FIG. 12. In one example, depth stop 216 can be patient-specificin that the length of depth stop 216 can be sized to allow a reamer toream glenoid G to a depth based on a specific patient's bone defects.Depth stop 216 can include a central bore 218 to receive guide pin 214.The outer diameter of depth stop 216 can be sized to receive a socket ofa corresponding reamer.

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of reamer 220 installed around guide pin 214and depth stop 216 of FIG. 13. Reamer 220 can be a standard face reamerthat includes socket 222 for receiving depth stop 216. Reamer 220 can beadvanced until end wall 224 of socket 222 engages the proximal surfaceof depth stop 216. Reamer 220 can form first prepared surface 225 onglenoid G.

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of boss and post reamer 226 installed aroundguide pin 214 of FIG. 13. Post reamer 226 can include central portion228, which can be configured as a reamer, drill or a rasp to remove bonefrom glenoid G. In particular, central portion 228 can be stepped toprovide bore 229 having various diameters within scapula S. Inparticular, central portion 228 can be stepped to provide progressivelysmaller diameter bore segments within scapula S the deeper bore 229 goesinto the bone. Central portion 228 can be shaped to mate with the shapeof fixation post 204A of augmented baseplate 200.

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of peripheral post guide 230 installedaround guide pin 214 of FIG. 13. Post guide 230 includes sockets 232Aand 232B for receiving drill or reamer 234, as well as socket 236 forreceiving guide pin 214. Sockets 232A and 232B are positioned relativeto guide pin 214 in order to place bores 238A and 238B relative to bore229 in locations to correspond to posts 204A-204C on baseplate 200.Thus, after post reamer 226 is removed from guide pin 214, socket 236 ofperipheral post guide 230 can be slipped around guide pin 214 and reamer234 can be used to make bores 238A and 238B using sockets 232A and 232B,respectively. Drill 234 can include stop 240 to ensure that bores 238Aand 238B are reamed to the depth of posts 204B and 204C. Bores 238A and238B can be shaped to mate with the shape of fixation posts 204B and204C, respectively.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of patient-specific angled ream guide 242installed with compression screw 244 that follows the path of the guidepin of FIG. 13. Guide pin 214 can be removed and angled ream guide 242can be inserted into bore 229. Compression screw 244 can be insertedinto ream guide 242 and threaded into scapula S along the path of guidepin 214 to stabilize ream guide 242 for reaming. Angled ream guide 242can be configured similarly to ream guide 152 of FIGS. 8A-8C. Ream guide242 can include bone post 246 that is shaped to at least partially fillbore 229 and that includes a central bore for receiving compressionscrew 244. Guide post 248 can extend from bone post 246 at angle α,which can correspond to the angle between surfaces 210A and 210B ofaugmented baseplate 200. Alignment post 249 can be connected to reamguide 242 to orient guide post 248 in the correct direction. Alignmentpost 249 can have the shape of 204C and bone post 246 can have the shapeof post 204A.

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of reamer 250 installed around guide post248 of angled ream guide 242 of FIG. 17. Reamer head 252 includes socket254 to receive guidepost 248. Using shaft 256, reamer head 252 can berotated to form second prepared surface 260 on glenoid G. Guide post 248can act as a depth stop to limit advancement or reamer 250. Reamer 250thereby produces second prepared surface 260 at angle α relative tofirst prepared surface 225 so that prepared surfaces 225 and 260 matewith surfaces 210A and 210B, respectively of baseplate 200.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of augmented glenoid implant 300 havingslanted bone surface 302. Glenoid implant 300 can also include surface304, center post 308, and peripheral posts 310A and 310B. Slanted bonesurface 302 can form first thickness t1 with surface 304 at a first endand second thickness t2 with surface 304 at a second end.

Glenoid G of scapula S can be prepared to mate with slanted bone surface302, such as by partially reaming of glenoid G at an angle to removedamaged bone. Slanted bone surface 302 of augmented baseplate 300 canthen partially mate flush with the surface of glenoid G reamed at anangle and partially mate flush with a naturally angled, undreamedsurface of glenoid G. Alternatively, substantially all of glenoid G canbe reamed at the desired angle to mate with slanted bone surface 302.The methods, instruments and tools described herein, particularly withreference to FIGS. 20-25, facilitate implantation of augmented baseplate300 onto scapula S in such a manner so as to minimize bone removal andsubsequently align augmented baseplate 300 so that slanted bone surface302 mates flush with the prepared surface of glenoid G.

FIG. 20 is a schematic view of a patient-specific glenoid guide 312engaging glenoid G of scapula S to install guide pin 314 at angle β. Inthe depicted example, glenoid G is classified as a Walch B1 glenoid,e.g., a glenoid having a narrow posterior joint space, subchondralsclerosis and osteophytes or a sloped wear pattern with a beta angle.Patient-specific glenoid guide 312 is placed onto the face of glenoid G.Guide pin 314 is inserted through glenoid guide 312 into the glenoidvault of glenoid G. Glenoid guide 312 mates with glenoid G to alignguide pin 314 at angle β, which can be the pathologic angle of glenoidG. Angle β can be predetermined from a surgical plan to allow a reamerto engage a high side of glenoid G having bone damage.

FIG. 21 is a schematic view of depth stop 316 surrounding guide pin 314of FIG. 20. In one example, depth stop 316 can be patient-specific inthat the length of depth stop 316 can be sized to allow a reamer to reamglenoid G to a depth based on a specific patient's bone defects. Depthstop 316 can include central bore 318 to receive guide pin 314. Theouter diameter of depth stop 316 can be sized to receive a socket of acorresponding reamer.

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of reamer 320 being advanced onto guide pin314 of FIG. 20 to surround depth stop 316 and at least partially reamglenoid G. Reamer 320 can be a standard face reamer that includes socket322 for receiving depth stop 316. Reamer 320 can be advanced until endwall 324 of socket 322 engages the proximal surface of depth stop 316.Reamer 320 can form prepared surface 326 on glenoid G. The high side ofthe glenoid G can be reamed to remove damaged bone in glenoid G.

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a patient-specific drill guide 328 matedto partially reamed glenoid G of FIG. 22 to form central post bore 330in conjunction with drill or reamer 332. Drill guide 328 can includebase 334, which can be patient-specific to mate with partially reamedglenoid G, and cup 336, which can be shaped to receive reamer 332 andpositioned to align central post bore 330 in scapula S. Base 334 isshaped to align central post bore 330 along the anatomic axis of scapulaS while accounting for the fact that base 334 can be slanted andnon-perpendicular to the anatomic axis. Base 334 can register on aperiphery of glenoid G and a portion of the reamed face of glenoid G.Drill guide 328 can also include handle shaft 338 that can allow asurgeon to position and steady base 334 for performing reaming. Reamer332 can be a standard boss reamer.

FIG. 24 is a schematic view of a patient-specific peripheral post reamerguide 340 being advanced into reamed central post bore 330 of FIG. 23 toform peripheral bores 342A and 342B in conjunction with drill or reamer344. Reamer guide 340 can include center peg 346 that can be shaped tomate with central post bore 330 to align peripheral bores 348A and 348Bwith respect to glenoid G. Reamer 344 can be a standard reamer.Alternatively, a drill may be used. Patient-specific peripheral postreamer guide 340 can allow for reaming of peripheral bores 342A and 342Bwithout the need for inserting additional guide pins into glenoid G.

FIG. 25 is a schematic view of the augmented baseplate 300 of FIG. 19Amounted onto partially reamed glenoid G so that slanted bone face 302and fixation posts 308, 310A and 310B mate with prepared glenoid G.Before augmented baseplate 300 is implanted, preparation of glenoid Gcan be performed with a patient-specific glenoid trial having a fullaugment (not shown). After confirmation of the reaming of glenoid G,posts 308, 310A and 310B of augmented baseplate 300 can be inserted intobores 330, 342A and 342B, respectively, of scapula S. A standardimpactor can be used to insert augmented baseplate 300 and bone cementcan also be used in bores 330, 342A and 342B. In one example, augmentedbaseplate 300 will start at an anterior side of glenoid G and angle orslope to the posterior side, as opposed to the procedure described withreference to FIGS. 11-18 where the angle or slope starts at the midlineof glenoid G.

The methods, implants and tools described herein are advantageous overprevious systems. For example, the patient-specific augment reamerguides can allow for precise reaming of a glenoid with minimal boneremoval, and can allow for accurate fitting with patient-specificimplants. The patient-specific guides can allow for placement of guidepins, such as Steinmann Pins, at the angle of pathologic glenoid forface reaming, or to place guide pins along the main axis of the glenoidvault. The patient-specific guides can allow for reaming of glenoidbosses (e.g., with standard reamers) and can be made so as to notrequire placement of a second pin in the glenoid. The patient-specificaugmented implants can be made for various types of glenoiddeficiencies, such as B1, B2 or other glenoid classification (anatomicor reverse).

VARIOUS NOTES & EXAMPLES

Example 1 can include or use subject matter such as a glenoid implant,comprising: a body comprising: an articular surface configured to matewith or receive another component configured to mate with acomplimentary component; and a scapula-engaging surface opposite thearticular surface, the scapula engaging surface including first andsecond portions angled relative to each other; and a fixation featureextending from the scapula-engaging surface.

Example 2 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of Example 1, to optionally include a body and fixation featurethat are made from porous metal material.

Example 3 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 1 or 2 to optionallyinclude a body including a sidewall having a first thickness at thefirst portion of the scapula-engaging surface and a second thickness atthe second portion of the scapula-engaging surface, the second thicknessbeing greater than the first thickness.

Example 4 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 1 through 3 to optionallyinclude an edge between the first and second portions extends across amidline of the scapula-engaging surface between the first and secondportions.

Example 5 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 1 through 4 to optionallyinclude first and second portions that are each planar.

Example 6 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 1 through 5 to optionallyinclude first and second portions that are angled relative to each otherat an angle in the range of approximately ten degrees to approximatelythirty degrees.

Example 7 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 1 through 6 to optionallyinclude a fixation feature that comprises a center boss for receiving afixation fastener.

Example 8 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 1 through 7 to optionallyinclude a fixation feature comprising a plurality of posts.

Example 9 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 1 through 8 to optionallyinclude a scapula-engaging surface that includes corrugations.

Example 10 can include or use subject matter such as a method forimplanting a scapular baseplate in a shoulder arthroplasty, the methodcomprising: inserting a guide pin into a glenoid of the scapula using aguide instrument; preparing a first portion of the glenoid to form aplanar bone surface using the guide pin; forming a first bore into theglenoid located approximately at the guide pin; forming a second boreinto the glenoid offset from the first bore; inserting an augment reamguide into the first bore and the second bore; and preparing a secondportion of the glenoid to form an angled bone surface relative to theplanar bone surface using the augment ream guide.

Example 11 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of Example 10, to optionally include forming the first bore intothe glenoid comprises positioning a reamer over the guide pin to reamthe first bore while preparing the first portion of the glenoid; andforming the second bore into the glenoid comprises positioning a drillguide over the guide pin after removing the reamer and drilling thesecond bore.

Example 12 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 10 or 11 to optionallyinclude forming the first bore into the glenoid by positioning a bossand post reamer over the guide pin to ream the first bore afterpreparing the first portion of the glenoid; and forming the second boreinto the glenoid by positioning a drill guide over the guide pin afterremoving the reamer and drilling the second bore.

Example 13 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 10 through 12 to optionallyinclude a guide instrument that is patient-specific to mate with theglenoid.

Example 14 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 10 through 13 to optionallyinclude a guide instrument that positions the guide pin approximatelyparallel to a main axis of a vault of the glenoid, the planar bonesurface is approximately perpendicular to the main axis, and the angledbone surface is angled relative to the planar bone surface at an anglein the range of approximately ten degrees to approximately thirtydegrees.

Example 15 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 10 through 14 to optionallyinclude preparing a first portion of the glenoid to form a planar bonesurface by at least partially reaming the glenoid to approximately fiftypercent of a surface area of the glenoid.

Example 16 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 10 through 15 to optionallyinclude preparing a first portion of the glenoid to form a planar bonesurface by inserting a post of the augment ream guide into a notch in areamer head and shaft of a reamer.

Example 17 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 10 through 16 to optionallyinclude positioning a depth stop over the guide pin to limit a depth towhich the glenoid can be reamed.

Example 18 can include or use subject matter such as a ream guide for ashoulder arthroplasty procedure, the ream guide comprising: a basehaving a first surface and a second surface; a bone peg extendingsubstantially perpendicularly from the first surface; an alignment pegextending from the first surface spaced from the bone peg; and a guidepeg extending from the second surface opposite the bone peg at anoblique angle to the bone peg.

Example 19 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of Example 18, to optionally include a guide peg that includes anaperture extending into the bone peg.

Example 20 can include, or can optionally be combined with the subjectmatter of one or any combination of Examples 18 or 19 to optionallyinclude a second surface that is angled relative to the first surface.

Each of these non-limiting examples can stand on its own, or can becombined in various permutations or combinations with one or more of theother examples.

The above detailed description includes references to the accompanyingdrawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawingsshow, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which theinvention can be practiced. These embodiments are also referred toherein as “examples.” Such examples can include elements in addition tothose shown or described. However, the present inventors alsocontemplate examples in which only those elements shown or described areprovided. Moreover, the present inventors also contemplate examplesusing any combination or permutation of those elements shown ordescribed (or one or more aspects thereof), either with respect to aparticular example (or one or more aspects thereof), or with respect toother examples (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or describedherein.

In the event of inconsistent usages between this document and anydocuments so incorporated by reference, the usage in this documentcontrols.

In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patentdocuments, to include one or more than one, independent of any otherinstances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.” In thisdocument, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that“A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unlessotherwise indicated. In this document, the terms “including” and “inwhich” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms“comprising” and “wherein.” Also, in the following claims, the terms“including” and “comprising” are open-ended, that is, a system, device,article, composition, formulation, or process that includes elements inaddition to those listed after such a term in a claim are still deemedto fall within the scope of that claim. Moreover, in the followingclaims, the terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” etc. are used merelyas labels, and are not intended to impose numerical requirements ontheir objects.

The above description is intended to be illustrative, and notrestrictive. For example, the above-described examples (or one or moreaspects thereof) may be used in combination with each other. Otherembodiments can be used, such as by one of ordinary skill in the artupon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is provided to complywith 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b), to allow the reader to quickly ascertain thenature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with theunderstanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scopeor meaning of the claims. Also, in the above Detailed Description,various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure.This should not be interpreted as intending that an unclaimed disclosedfeature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter maylie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment.Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into the DetailedDescription as examples or embodiments, with each claim standing on itsown as a separate embodiment, and it is contemplated that suchembodiments can be combined with each other in various combinations orpermutations. The scope of the invention should be determined withreference to the appended claims, along with the full scope ofequivalents to which such claims are entitled.

1.-9. (canceled)
 10. A method for implanting a scapular baseplate in ashoulder arthroplasty, the method comprising: inserting a guide pin intoa glenoid of the scapula using a guide instrument; preparing a firstportion of the glenoid to form a planar bone surface using the guidepin; forming a first bore into the glenoid located approximately at theguide pin; forming a second bore into the glenoid offset from the firstbore; inserting an augment ream guide into the first bore and the secondbore; and preparing a second portion of the glenoid to form an angledbone surface relative to the planar bone surface using the augment reamguide.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein: forming the first bore intothe glenoid comprises positioning a reamer over the guide pin to reamthe first bore while preparing the first portion of the glenoid; andforming the second bore into the glenoid comprises positioning a drillguide over the guide pin after removing the reamer and drilling thesecond bore.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein: forming the first boreinto the glenoid comprises positioning a boss and post reamer over theguide pin to ream the first bore after preparing the first portion ofthe glenoid; and forming the second bore into the glenoid comprisespositioning a drill guide over the guide pin after removing the reamerand drilling the second bore.
 13. The method of claim 10, wherein theguide instrument is patient-specific to mate with the glenoid.
 14. Themethod of claim 10, wherein the guide instrument positions the guide pinapproximately parallel to a main axis of a vault of the glenoid, theplanar bone surface is approximately perpendicular to the main axis, andthe angled bone surface is angled relative to the planar bone surface atan angle in the range of approximately ten degrees to approximatelythirty degrees.
 15. The method of claim 10, wherein preparing a firstportion of the glenoid to form a planar bone surface comprises at leastpartially reaming the glenoid to approximately fifty percent of asurface area of the glenoid.
 16. The method of claim 10, whereinpreparing a first portion of the glenoid to form a planar bone surfacecomprises inserting a post of the augment ream guide into a notch in areamer head and shaft of a reamer.
 17. The method of claim 10, furthercomprising positioning a depth stop over the guide pin to limit a depthto which the glenoid can be reamed. 18.-20. (canceled)
 21. The method ofclaim 11, wherein positioning the drill guide over the guide pin afterremoving the reamer comprises orienting an angular position of a reamguide in the drill guide for the second bore relative to the guide pinand an edge of the planar bone surface.
 22. The method of claim 10,further comprising using an augment sizer attached to the guide pin toevaluate if additional bone should be removed from the glenoid, whereusing the augment sizer comprises: engaging a first portion of theaugment sizer with the planar bone surface; and determining if a fingerextending from the augment sizer beyond the first portion engages anon-reamed portion of the glenoid.
 23. The method of claim 10, furthercomprising implanting the scapular baseplate onto the glenoid, thescapular baseplate including a first surface configured to engage theplanar bone surface and a second surface configured to engage the angledbone surface.
 24. A method for implanting a scapular baseplate having anangled scapula-engaging surface in a shoulder arthroplasty, the methodcomprising: inserting a guide pin into a glenoid of the scapula using aguide instrument; preparing a first portion of the glenoid to form aplanar bone surface using the guide pin such that the planar bonesurface is approximately perpendicular to a main axis of a vault of theglenoid; forming a first bore into the glenoid located approximately atthe guide pin; forming a second bore into the glenoid offset from thefirst bore and having an angular position relative to the guide pinopposite a defective portion of the glenoid; inserting an augment reamguide into the first bore and the second bore, the augment ream guideincluding a post extending away from the glenoid at an angle relative tothe main axis of the vault toward the defective portion of the glenoid;and preparing a second portion of the glenoid to form an angled bonesurface relative to the planar bone surface using the post of theaugment ream guide to remove the defective portion of the glenoid. 25.The method of claim 24, wherein forming the first bore into the glenoidcomprises positioning a reamer over the guide pin to ream the first borewhile preparing the first portion of the glenoid.
 26. The method ofclaim 24, wherein forming the second bore into the glenoid comprises:positioning a drill guide over the guide pin after removing the reamerand drilling the second bore; orienting the drill guide against theglenoid to locate a position for the second bore in the planar bonesurface; and drilling the second bore into the glenoid using a drill bitguided by the drill guide.
 27. The method of claim 24, wherein insertingthe guide pin into the glenoid of the scapula using the guide instrumentcomprises mating a patient-specific surface of the guide instrumentagainst the glenoid and inserting the guide pin through the guideinstrument.
 28. The method of claim 24, further comprising using anaugment sizer attached to the guide pin to evaluate if additional boneshould be removed from the glenoid at the planar bone surface.
 29. Amethod for implanting a scapular baseplate in a shoulder arthroplasty,the method comprising: preparing a first, non-defective portion of aglenoid of a shoulder to form a planar bone surface such that the planarbone surface is approximately perpendicular to a main axis of a vault ofthe glenoid; forming a first bore in the glenoid at the main axis of thevault; forming a second bore in the glenoid at the planar bone surface;coupling an augment ream guide to the first and second bores; andpreparing a second, defective portion of the glenoid to form an angledbone surface relative to the planar bone surface using the augment reamguide.
 30. The method of claim 29, wherein: coupling the augment reamguide to the first and second bores comprises inserting a bone peg ofthe ream guide into the first bore and inserting an alignment post ofthe ream guide into the second bore; and preparing the second, defectiveportion of the glenoid to form the angled bone surface relative to theplanar bone surface using the augment ream guide comprises sliding areamer along an angled guide peg extending from the augment ream guideaway from the bone peg and the alignment post.
 31. The method of claim29, wherein the planar bone surface and the first bore aresimultaneously formed using a reamer attached to a guide pin attached tothe glenoid at the main axis.
 32. The method of claim 29, furthercomprising sliding an augment sizer along a guide pin attached to theglenoid at the main axis to determine if additional bone should beremoved from the glenoid at the planar bone surface by evaluating if afinger of the augment sizer contacts an un-reamed portion of the glenoidwhen the augment sizer contacts the planar bone surface.